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上期翻译答案
A recent review of the literature by Matthias Doepke of Northwestern University and co-authors makes the case that, in rich countries, fertility may rise, or at least fall at a slower rate, if norms, policies and the market for child care make it easier for a woman to have children and a career.
西北大学的马蒂亚斯·多普克和合著者最近对文献进行了分析后表示，在富裕国家，如果社会规范、政策和托幼市场能够让女性更容易平衡好孩子和职业，生育率可能会上升，或者至少以较慢的速度下降。
1.case: a set of reasons why something should happen or be done
《本期内容》
双语阅读
Whether it’s a tricky maths problem or an unexpected bill, daily life is full of stressful experiences. Now researchers have found that humans produce a different odour when under pressure – and dogs cansniff it out. While previous studies have suggestedcaninesmight pick up on human emotions, possibly through smell, questions remained over whether they could detect stress and if this could be done through scent.
无论是一个棘手的数学问题还是突然出现的意料外的账单，日常生活处处都是压力。现在研究人员发现，人类在压力下会产生一种不同的气味，而狗可以嗅出这种气味。虽然之前的研究表明，犬科动物可能通过嗅觉感知人类的情绪，但它们是否能感觉到压力，以及是否是通过气味察觉到压力，仍然存在疑问。
Wilson added the findings could prove useful when training service dogs, such as those that support people with post-raumatic stress disorder (PTSD). “They’re often trained to look at someone eithercrouching downon the floor, or starting to do self-injurious behaviours,” said Wilson. The latest study, she said, offers another potential cue. “There is definitely a smell component, and that might be valuable in the training of these dogs in addition to all of the visual stuff,” said Wilson.
威尔逊补充说，这些发现可能在训练服务犬时发挥作用，这些服务犬可能用于帮助那些患有创伤后应激障碍的人。“它们通常被训练成可以照看那些蜷缩在地板上的人，或者开始有自残行为的人，”威尔逊说。她说，最新的研究提供了另一个潜在的线索。威尔逊说：“除了视觉的内容之外，嗅觉肯定是有价值的，这可能对训练这些狗很有价值。”
The researchers report they were able to train four dogs to indicate the container holding a particular breath and sweat sample, even when the line-up included unused gauze, samples from another person, or samples from the same person taken at a different time of day. With the team confident the dogs understood the approach, they turned to breath and sweat samples collected from 36 people asked to count backwards from 9,000 in units of 17. The participants reported feeling stressed by the task and, for the 27 who carried it out in the laboratory, their blood pressure and heart rate rose.
研究人员表示，他们能够训练四只狗指出保存有特定口气和汗水样本的容器，即使容器中包括未使用的纱布、另一个人的样本或同一个人在一天中不同时间采集的样本。研究团队有信心认为狗狗理解了这种方法，他们转为使用从36人身上收集的口气和汗水样本，参与试验的人员被要求从9000开始以17为单位进行倒数。参与者表示，他们对这项任务感到有压力，而27名在实验室进行这项任务的人，他们的血压和心率都上升了。
The dogs were taught to pick out samples taken just after the task from a line-up that included two containers holding unusedgauze. The researchers then tested whether the dogs could do the same when the line-up included not only unused gauze but samples taken from the same participant just before the task, when they were more relaxed. Each set of samples was shown to a single dog in 20 trials.
翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~然后，研究人员测试了当样本组中不仅包括未使用过的纱布，还包括从同一参与者身上采集的样本时，看这些狗狗是否也能同样挑选出来。每组样本在20次实验中反复向同一只狗进行展示。
The results reveal that the dogs chose the “stressed” sample in 675 out of the 720 trials.“It was pretty amazing to see them be so confident in telling me ‘nope, these two things definitely smell different’,” said Wilson.The team say while it was unclear what chemicals the dogs were picking up on, the study shows humans produce a different odour when stressed – confirming previous research that used instruments to analyse samples.
结果显示，在720次试验中，狗狗有675次选中“压力”样本。威尔逊说：“看到它们如此自信地告诉我‘不，这两种东西闻起来肯定不一样’，真是太神奇了。”研究小组表示，虽然目前还不清楚狗狗闻到的是什么化学物质，但研究表明，人类在受到压力时产生的气味不同，这证实了之前使用仪器分析样本的研究。
本文节选自：The Guardian（卫报）
发布时间：2022.09.29
作者：Nicola Davis Science correspondent
原文标题：Ruff day? Dogs can detect if people are stressed, research finds
词汇积累
1.gauze
英/ ɡɔːz /美/ ɡɔːz /
n.纱布；薄纱；薄雾
2.canine
英/ ˈkeɪnaɪn /美/ ˈkeɪnaɪn /
adj.犬的；犬齿的；犬科的；似犬的
n.犬；[解剖]犬齿
n.（Canine）人名；（英）卡奈因
词组搭配
1.sniff out 发现；寻找
2.crouch down 蹲距
写作句总结
原句：While previous studies have suggested canines might pick up on human emotions, possibly through smell, questions remained over whether they could detect stress and if this could be done through scent.
结构：While previous studies have suggested XX, questions remained over whether XX could do sth.
例句：While previous studies have suggested that people’s consumption levels rise during the holidays, questions remained over whether the pandemic could raise people’s indulging consumption.
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（戳码回复“J88”）
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